Praise be to Allaah.
One of the well-established
facts that is affirmed by the Qur’aan and on which Ahl al-Sunnah are
unanimously agreed is that sins and major sins do not erase all of the good
deeds of the Muslim, and that there is nothing that erases the good deeds of
a Muslim altogether except kufr and shirk. This is indicated by the verse in
which Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And whosoever of you
turns back from his religion and dies as a disbeliever, then his deeds will
be lost in this life and in the Hereafter, and they will be the dwellers of
the Fire. They will abide therein forever”
[al-Baqarah 2:217]
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn
Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in Majmoo’ al-Fataawa
(10/321-322):
The Sahaabah and Ahl
al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaa’ah are of the view that those who commit major sins
will be brought forth from Hell and intercession will be made for them. A
single major sin does not erase all good deeds, but it may erase an
equivalent amount of them, according to most of Ahl al-Sunnah. Nothing
erases all good deeds except kufr, just as nothing erases all bad deeds
except repentance. If the one who has committed a major sin does some good
deeds, seeking thereby the pleasure of Allaah, Allaah will reward him for
that, even if he deserves to be punished for his major sin. The Book of
Allaah distinguishes between the ruling on thieves, adulterers and believers
fighting with one another, and the ruling on the kuffaar with regard to how
they are labelled and the ruling applicable to them. The mutawaatir Sunnah
of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the
consensus of the Sahaabah points to that. According to Ahl al-Sunnah
wa’l-Jamaa’ah, good deeds are accepted from the one who fears Allaah and
does them purely for the sake of Allaah and in accordance with the command
of Allaah. If a person is sincere towards Him in doing an action, He will
accept it from him, even if he disobeys Him in other ways; if a person is
not sincere towards Him when doing it, He will not accept it from him, even
if he obeys Him in other ways. End quote.
The hadeeth which is
mentioned in the question is the hadeeth narrated by Thawbaan (may Allaah be
pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) who said: “I certainly know people of my ummah who will come on
the Day of Resurrection with good deeds like the mountains of Tihaamah, but
Allaah will make them like scattered dust.” Thawbaan said: O Messenger of
Allaah, describe them to us and tell us more, so that we will not become of
them unknowingly. He said: “They are your brothers and from your race,
worshipping at night as you do, but they will be people who, when they are
alone, transgress the sacred limits of Allaah.”
Narrated by Ibn Majaah in
his Sunan (no .4245); al-Rawiyaani in al-Musnad (1/425);
al-Tabaraani in al-Awsat (5/46) and al-Sagheer (1/396);
Musnad al-Shaamiyeen (no. 667); al-Daylami in Musnad al-Firdaws
(7715). Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in al-Silsilah al-Saheehah
(505).
This is evidence that
supports the principle we have mentioned, which is that some bad deeds may
cancel out a portion of a person’s good deeds and of the reward for his
righteous needs.
For more information on
what we have mentioned about this issue, please see the answer to question
no. 81874.
With regard to the second
hadeeth you mentioned, it is the hadeeth of ‘Uthmaan ibn Abi’l-‘Aas
al-Thaqafi, according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allaah be upon him) said:
“The gates of heaven are
opened halfway through the night and a caller cries out: Is anyone
supplicating so that he may be answered? Is anyone asking so that he might
be given? Is anyone in distress, so that he might be granted relief? And
there will be no Muslim left who is supplicating but Allaah will answer him,
except for a zaaniyah who earns a living from committing zina or an
extortionist.”
Narrated by al-Tabaraani in
al-Mu’jam al-Kabeer (9/59) and in al-Mu’jam al-Awsat (3/154).
Al-Haythami said in Majma’ al-Zawaa’id (10/156): Its men are the men
of saheeh. Al-Albaani said in al-Silsilah al-Saheehah 91073): Its
isnaad is saheeh.
Based on this, there is no
suggestion that all his good deeds will be erased, rather it shows that the
du’aa’ of the adulterer (zaani) who is persisting in his zina will not be
accepted, and this is a valid meaning. Major sins are one of the impediments
to du’aa’ being accepted. How can Allaah respond to one who is remaining in
sin and not giving it up or repenting from it?
And Allaah knows best.
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